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1. Cieślak, I., Pawlewicz, K., Pawlewicz, A. 2019. Sustainable Development in Polish Regions: a Shift-Share Analysis. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. Vol. 28, No. 2. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/85206 (IF 1,120)
ABSTRACT
Sustainable development is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, and its assessment is not easy and cannot be measured and expressed by one characteristic. The authors made an attempt at designing a synthetic measure thanks to which changes in sixteen regions of Poland between 2003 and 2013 are presented with respect to the level of sustainability based on three components: social, economic, and environmental order. This enabled an analysis of the structure of sustainable development using the shift-share method. The force of impact of the internal structure was defined, along with external determinants of individual regions, which have influenced the level of sustainable development.
The performed analysis showed that the indicators of sustainable development, both for individual regions and for the whole of Poland, had not changed significantly in the determined two moments of time (2003 and 2013). However, the increase in indicators for individual regions is greatly diversified, and in the majority of provinces has a negative character with a slight value. In several regions, positive values can be noticed, whereas the increase in their values is high. This diversity testifies to the uneven development of Polish regions.
2. Pawlewicz, A. 2019. Regional Diversity of Organic Food Sales in The European Union. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference "ECONOMIC SCIENCE FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT" No 50 Jelgava, LLU ESAF, 9-10 May 2019, pp. 360-366 DOI: 10.22616/ESRD.2019.045
Abstract. The article discusses regional differences on the organic food market in the European Union based on retail
sales data. The analysis was based on Eurostat, FiBL, IFOAM, USDA and literature data for 2016. Selected descriptive
statistics were used. The analysis demonstrated considerable regional differences in both total and per capita retail sales
of organic food on the EU market, which can be attributed to the unique characteristics of the compared countries. The
absolute values of organic retail sales are influenced mainly by population and GDP. Per capita sales are strongly
determined by GDP and final consumption expenditure of household. Therefore, organic retail sales were higher in
countries with a higher GDP and higher household consumption per capita. Organic food sales and consumption were
highest in Germany, France, Italy, the UK and Switzerland. The analysed variables were lowest in Cyprus, Slovakia,
Lithuania, Latvia, Bulgaria, Hungary and Estonia.
Key words: organic market, organic farming, UE, organic food consumption, retail sales, expenses.
JEL code: D40, E21, I15, O1, Q13,